Structure and Function of Neurons

• Varieties of neurons
• General structure
• Structure of unique neurons
• Internal operations and the functioning of a neuron
• Subcellular organelles
• Protein synthesis
• Neuronal transport: shipping and receiving molecules and organelles throughout the neuron
• Summary

Structure and Function of Neurons

Neurons are the cells of chemical communication in the brain. Human brains comprise tens of billions of neurons, each linked to thousands of other neurons. Thus, the brain has trillions of specialized connections known as synapses. Neurons have many sizes, lengths, and shapes, which determine their functions. Localization within the brain also determines function. When neurons malfunction, behavioral symptoms may occur. When drugs alter neuronal function, behavioral symptoms may be relieved, worsened, or produced. Thus, this chapter briefly describes the structure and function of normal neurons as a basis for understanding psychiatric disorders and their treatments.